Start Stop Car Battery: Lead-acid Battery vs. Lithium-ion Battery

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In 1859, French physician Gaston Planté pioneered the commercial use of lead acid — the first rechargeable battery. In recent years, lead-acid batteries have been optimized in numerous applications for its reliability and inexpensive cost-per-watt base but there remain certain new shortcomings facing the lead-acid battery manufacturers —an increase in the amount of faulty modes. 

 

 Components of Lead Acid Battery

Image 1. Components of Lead Acid Battery (Source thebatteryclinic.co.nz)


Types of Lead-acid Batteries

●Batteries with flooded or excess electrolyte.

●Low-maintenance lead-acid batteries with a large excess of electrolyte.

●Batteries with immobilized electrolyte and a pressure-sensitive valve usually referred to as absorptive glass-microfibre (AGM) valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries.

 

Advantage

Disadvantages

●Inexpensive and simple to manufacture; low cost per watt-hour

●Low self-discharge; lowest among rechargeable batteries

●High specific power, capable of high discharge currents

●Good low and high temperature performance

●Low specific energy; poor weight-to-energy ratio

●Slow charge; fully saturated charge takes 14-16 hours

●Must be stored in charged condition to prevent sulfation

●Limited cycle life; repeated deep-cycling reduces battery life

●Flooded version requires watering

●Transportation restrictions on the flooded type

●Not environmentally friendly

 Table 1. Advantages and Limitations of Lead Acid Batteries (Retrieved from Battery University)


Overview of Lithium-ion Batteries 

(Read also: The Best Start-stop Car Battery)

Lithium-ion began to surface in the 1970s, yet these immediate batteries are not rechargeable. Thus in the 1980s, rechargeable versions were manufactured. Nowadays, it's the most common battery in commercial use. Lithium is lightweight in contrast to other metals and the highest density per kilogram. Therefore, lithium is the most ideal for batteries since it contains significant amounts of energy and has the greatest electrochemical potential.


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